We rely on valves to stop and seal the flow of media in its various forms: solids, liquids, and gases. Leakage of solids or liquids is relatively easy to spot, but some gas leakage isn't something that can be detected by the naked eye.
Sinov yordamida biz gazlarning chiqib ketishini etarlicha to'xtata oladigan valfning ishlamay qolishi haqida xabardor bo'lamiz. Ushbu bilim bilan biz muammoli vanalarni yangilash orqali jarayonlarimizni yaxshilashimiz mumkin.
Sinov standartlari tashkilotlarining ahamiyati
Vana va qadoqlash sinovlari uchun sifat standartlari ANSI, API, ISO, MESC va TA-LUFT kabi sanoat tashkilotlari tomonidan o'rnatiladi.
Today, we'll focus on API pressure testing standards. The American Petroleum Institute (API) was founded in 1919 after World War I. The war raised awareness of the vital role the petroleum industry holds in the United States, so the API was formed to bolster and secure domestic oil and gas production. Over 700 API standards have been put in place to promote efficiency, sustainability, and safety for both operations and the environment.
API klapanlarini sinovdan o'tkazishning 3 turi
· API 622 – Tests process valve packing for levels of fugitive emissions.
· API 624 – Tests rising stem valves equipped with graphite packing for any fugitive emissions.
· API 641 – Tests quarter-turn valves for levels of fugitive emissions.
Because API 622 is the first in the series of embedded low E valve and packing standards, it's what we'll cover today. For valves tested at API 641, packing must first qualify for the API 622 test. Also, for the packing used in an API 624 test, the valve must have been tested with API 622 first.
Nega qochqin emissiya testlari kerak?
Depending on what is leaked, fugitive emissions can be costly. There is concern surrounding methane gas emissions because this gas is flammable, considered to be harmful to the environment, and is a commodity. Not only is fugitive methane emission an environmental concern, but it's also a financial loss when seeping valuable methane or incurring costly governmental fines.
With valves being to blame for over 50 percent of fugitive emissions, they are the main focus for testing. The Tabiiy resurslarni himoya qilish kengashi estimates that leak monitoring and repair could potentially account for 18 percent of methane emission reduction. When plant operations call for fugitive emissions monitoring, LDAR (leak detection and repair) is typically part of a monthly testing protocol.
Yaxshi xabar shundaki, tabiiy gaz ishlab chiqarish ko'payganligi sababli, ushbu ishlab chiqarishdan chiqadigan chiqindilar kamayishda davom etmoqda. Ushbu yaxshilanishlar ixtiyoriy harakatlar, qoidalarga rioya qilish yoki ikkalasi bilan bog'liq. Texnologiyadagi yutuqlar va takomillashtirilgan sinovlar biz qochqin chiqindilarni kamaytirishni davom ettirmoqdamiz.
API 622 ishlash testi
API 622 has three iterations. The first was established in 2006, the second in 2011, and the latest in 2018.
Ushbu eng so'nggi nashr emissiya oqishini yanada cheklaydi, bu raqamni million hajmli (ppmv) 100 qismga qisqartiradi va shuningdek, bez murvatini sozlash imkoniyatini yo'q qiladi. 1/4 dyuymli o'rashga qo'shimcha ravishda (oldingi sinov versiyalarining bir qismi sifatida), uchinchi nashr 1/8 dyuymli qadoqlash namunasi sinovini o'z ichiga oladi. Bu avvalgi sinovlar iteratsiyalari bilan bog'liq muammoni tuzatadi.
API 622 asosan ishlash testidir. Quyida klapanlar sinovlari tekshirilayotgan zaif tomonlari tushuntiriladi.
Qochqin emissiyalar
For the purpose of leak detection, the fugitive emission test for API 622 is not a pass/fail test. It's a 6-day stress test to see how many thermal cycles the valve can take before emissions exceed a certain threshold (previously 500 ppm and now 100 ppm).
Sinov 6 kunlik jarayon bo'lib, 1500 tsiklni tashkil qiladi. Ushbu sinov uchun metan gazi ishlatilganligi sababli, ushbu protsedura ochiq havoda amalga oshirilgani ma'qul. Har kuni valf atrof-muhit haroratida 150 tsiklda, keyin 500 daraja F da yana 150 tsiklda sinovdan o'tkaziladi. Komponentlar sinovning yana bir kuni uchun bir kechada soviydi. Agar beshinchi kungacha klapan ushlab tursa, u oltinchi kuni oxirgi sinovdan o'tadi, atrof-muhit harorati 10 ga ko'tariladi.
Ushbu sinov muvaffaqiyatli bo'lishi uchun oqish 100 ppm dan oshmasligi kerak va bu sinovning oldingi versiyalaridan farqli o'laroq, bezni oqishni tuzatish uchun qayta sozlab bo'lmaydi.
Korroziya sinovi
Qochqin emissiya testi singari, bu ham o'tish/qobiliyatsiz baholash emas. U o'ramning poyaga qanchalik yaxshi yopishishini kuzatish uchun metallda chuqurchalar mavjudligini kuzatadi. Shuningdek, u qadoqlashning umumiy sifatini ham baholaydi.
Ushbu metall sinovi 30,{1}} megapaskal o'ramni ho'llash va siqishni o'z ichiga oladi. Keyin bu o'ram metallga o'raladi. Turli xil vana novdalari ishtirok etgan turli metallarga qarab sinovdan o'tkazilishi mumkin.
Moddiy salomatlik
Qochqin emissiya va korroziy sinovdan farqli o'laroq, materialning sog'lig'i sinovi o'tdi / muvaffaqiyatsiz. U qadoqlash materialining xususiyatlarini, shu jumladan moylash tarkibini, politetrafloroetilen tarkibini, kimyoviy yuvishni, ortiqcha vazn va zichlikni o'rganadi.
Sinovning ushbu komponenti uchun valf standartlari bajarilmaydi, agar:
· The graphite foil loses an excess of 15 percent of its weight at a temperature of 1000 degree F
· Graded packing loses more than 50 percent of its weight.
API sertifikatlash muhrini olish murakkab va puxta jarayondir, ammo bu sanoatda biz foydalanadigan klapanlar qochqin chiqindilarni minimallashtirish uchun samarali ekanligiga xotirjamlik beradi.